Uboot命令應(yīng)用

U-Boot 是一個主要用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)的引導(dǎo)加載程序，可以支持多種不同的計算機系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，包括PPC、ARM、AVR32、MIPS、x86、68k、Nios與MicroBlaze。這也是一套在GNU通用公共許可證之下發(fā)布的自由軟件。

U-Boot本質(zhì)是一個裸機程序，是一種普遍用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)中的開源的Bootloader，作用是用來引導(dǎo)操作系統(tǒng)，以及給開發(fā)人員提供測試調(diào)試工具。主要負責基本硬件初始化，導(dǎo)啟動內(nèi)核啟動。

U-Boot命令眾多，通過uboot命令可完成系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量設(shè)置。U-Boot本質(zhì)就是一份裸機程序，這樣可以在U-Boot命令下調(diào)試一些硬件設(shè)備問題。U-Boot命令行也是可以實現(xiàn)自動補全功能。

1.查看當前U-Boot支持命令：?或者help

TINY4412 # ? 
?       - alias for 'help'
base    - print or set address offset
bdinfo  - print Board Info structure
boot    - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootd   - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory
bootm   - boot application image from memory
bootp   - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol
bootvx  - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image
chpart  - change active partition
cmp     - memory compare
coninfo - print console devices and information
cp      - memory copy
crc32   - checksum calculation
dcache  - enable or disable data cache
dnw     - dnw     - initialize USB device and ready to receive for Windows server (specific)

echo    - echo args to console
editenv - edit environment variable
emmc    - Open/Close eMMC boot Partition
env     - environment handling commands
exit    - exit script
ext2format- ext2format - disk format by ext2

ext2load- load binary file from a Ext2 filesystem
ext2ls  - list files in a directory (default /)
ext3format- ext3format - disk format by ext3

false   - do nothing, unsuccessfully
fastboot- fastboot- use USB Fastboot protocol

fatformat- fatformat - disk format by FAT32

fatinfo - fatinfo - print information about filesystem
fatload - fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem

fatls   - list files in a directory (default /)
fdisk   - fdisk for sd/mmc.

go      - start application at address 'addr'
help    - print command description/usage
icache  - enable or disable instruction cache
iminfo  - print header information for application image
imxtract- extract a part of a multi-image
itest   - return true/false on integer compare
loadb   - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)

2.打印系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量：print

TINY4412 # pr
baudrate=115200
bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.10.106:/root/work/root_nfs ip=192.168.10.123:192.168.10.106:192.168.10.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 lcd=S702
bootcmd=movi read kernel 0 40008000;movi read rootfs 0 41000000 400000;bootm 40008000 41000000
bootdelay=3
ethaddr=00:40:5c:26:0a:5b
gatewayip=192.168.0.1
ipaddr=192.168.0.20
netmask=255.255.255.0
serverip=192.168.0.10

Environment size: 438/16380 bytes

3.設(shè)置保存環(huán)境變量

TINY4412 # set wbyq "uboot test" #設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
TINY4412 # save #保存環(huán)境變量
Saving Environment to SMDK bootable device...
done

4.串口傳輸二進制文件到DDR：laody

??用法：loady [內(nèi)存地址] [波特率]

TINY4412 # ? loady
loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)

Usage:
loady [ off ] [ baud ]
    - load binary file over serial line with offset 'off' and baudrate 'baud'

??[ off ] [ baud ]為選填參數(shù)。不填則有由系統(tǒng)選擇。

• 示例：

TINY4412 # loady 40008000  #啟動接收
## Ready for binary (ymodem) download to 0x40008000 at 0 bps...
CCCCCC
  ymodem  trl+C ?
正在傳輸 main.bin...
  100%     656   164 /0:00:04       1   

## Total Size      = 0x00000290 = 656 Bytes
TINY4412 # go 40008000 #調(diào)到指定地址執(zhí)行
## Starting application at 0x40008000 ...

5.磁盤分區(qū)命令：fdisk

• 用法：
  ??fdisk -p <設(shè)備號>
  ??fdisk -c <設(shè)備號> [<系統(tǒng)分區(qū)大小(MB)> <用戶數(shù)據(jù)分區(qū)大小> <緩存分區(qū)大小>]
  ??fdisk命令一次實現(xiàn)4個分區(qū)

TINY4412 # ? fdisk
fdisk - fdisk for sd/mmc.


Usage:
fdisk -p    - print partition information
fdisk -c  []
        - create partition

• 示例：

TINY4412 # fdisk -p 0 #查看設(shè)備0分區(qū)信息

partion #    size(MB)     block start #    block count    partition_Id 
   1         14764           309248        30236672          0x0C 
TINY4412 # fdisk -c 0 1024 1024 1024 #設(shè)置分區(qū)
fdisk is completed

partion #    size(MB)     block start #    block count    partition_Id 
   1         11715          6422528        23993344          0x0C 
   2          1024           131072         2097152          0x83 
   3          1024          2228224         2097152          0x83 
   4          1024          4325376         2097152          0x83    

6.安裝文件系統(tǒng)

??當前uboot命令中支持文件系統(tǒng)格式有ext2、ext3、fat32。

• 安裝文件示例
  ??下面以fat32為例安裝文件系統(tǒng)。
  ?? 用法：fatformat mmc <設(shè)備號:分區(qū)號>

TINY4412 # ? fatformat
fatformat - fatformat - disk format by FAT32


Usage:
fatformat 
        - format by FAT32 on 'interface'
TINY4412 # fatformat mmc 0:1 
Start format MMC&d partition&d ...
Partition1: Start Address(0x620000), Size(0x16e1c00)
size checking ...
Under 16G
write FAT info: 32
Fat size : 0x2dc3
Erase FAT region...................................................................................................................................................
(only>

7.查看設(shè)備指定目錄下文件：fatls

• 用法：
  ??fatls <設(shè)備號:分區(qū)號> [目錄路徑]

TINY4412 # ? fatls
fatls - list files in a directory (default /)

Usage:
fatls  [directory]
    - list files from 'dev' on 'interface' in a 'directory'
//查看設(shè)備0的根目錄下的文件
TINY4412 # fatls mmc 0 /  
Partition1: Start Address(0x4b800), Size(0x1cd6000)
            system volume information/
            images/

0 file(s), 2 dir(s)
[:part]>

7.加載設(shè)備中二進制文件到內(nèi)存：fatload

• 用法：
  ??fatls <設(shè)備號:分區(qū)號> <內(nèi)存地址> <文件名> [加載字節(jié)數(shù)]

TINY4412 # ? fatload
fatload - fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem


Usage:
fatload  [bytes]
    - load binary file 'filename' from 'dev' on 'interface'
      to address 'addr' from dos filesystem
//從設(shè)備0中讀取mian.bin文件到40008000
TINY4412 # fatload  mmc 0 40008000 /main.bin 
Partition1: Start Address(0x4b800), Size(0x1cd6000)
reading /main.bin

656 bytes read
//跳轉(zhuǎn)到40008000中執(zhí)行main.bin文件
TINY4412 # go 40008000 
[:part]>

9.mmc子系統(tǒng)

• mmc命令功能

1. mmc read 從指定設(shè)備中讀數(shù)據(jù)到內(nèi)存
2. mmc write 將指定內(nèi)存中的數(shù)據(jù)寫到設(shè)備中
3. mmc rescan 掃描檢測硬件改動
4. mmc erase 擦除
5. mmc list列舉可用設(shè)備

TINY4412 # ? mmc 
mmc - MMC sub system

Usage:
mmc read  addr blk# cnt   #從設(shè)備中讀取數(shù)據(jù)到內(nèi)存中
mmc write  addr blk# cnt  #將地址中的數(shù)據(jù)寫入到設(shè)備中 
mmc rescan 
mmc erase 
mmc list - lists available devices
//從設(shè)備0中第1057個扇區(qū)連續(xù)讀12288個扇區(qū)到40009000地址中
TINY4412 # mmc read 0 40009000 421 3000  
MMC read: dev # 0, block # 1057, count 12288 ... 12288 blocks read: OK
//跳轉(zhuǎn)到40009000中執(zhí)行
TINY4412 # bootm 40009000

10.movi子系統(tǒng)

• movi命令功能

movi init 初始化和顯示設(shè)備信息。

movi read 從sd或mmc中讀bl1.bin、bl2.bin、uboot、kernel、tzsw.bin文件到指定內(nèi)存地址中。

movi write 將指定內(nèi)存地址中bl1.bin、bl2.bin、uboot、kernel、tzsw.bin寫入到sd或mmc中。

movi read rootfs讀根文件系統(tǒng)到指定內(nèi)存地址中。

movi write rootfs將指定內(nèi)存地址中根文件系統(tǒng)寫入到sd或mmc中。

TINY4412 # ? movi
movi - movi     - sd/mmc r/w sub system for SMDK board

Usage:
movi init - Initialize moviNAND and show card info
movi read zero {fwbl1 | u-boot} {device_number} {addr} - Read data from sd/mmc
movi write zero {fwbl1 | u-boot} {device_number} {addr} - Read data from sd/mmc
movi read {u-boot | kernel} {device_number} {addr} - Read data from sd/mmc
movi write {fwbl1 | u-boot | kernel} {device_number} {addr} - Write data to sd/mmc
movi read rootfs {device_number} {addr} [bytes(hex)] - Read rootfs data from sd/mmc by size
movi write rootfs {device_number} {addr} [bytes(hex)] - Write rootfs data to sd/mmc by size
movi read {sector#} {device_number} {bytes(hex)} {addr} - instead of this, you can use "mmc read"
movi write {sector#} {device_number} {bytes(hex)} {addr} - instead of this, you can use "mmc write"

??tiny4412開發(fā)板bl1、bl2、uboot、kernel、tzsw、rootfs在SD卡和EMMC中存儲格式：

??將bl1、bl2、uboot、kernel從SD卡拷貝到EMMC中示例：

//從設(shè)備0讀取bl1.bin到內(nèi)存，再寫入到設(shè)備1中
movi r f 0 40008000;emmc open 1;movi w z f 1 40008000;emmc close 1;  
//從設(shè)備0讀取bl2.bin到內(nèi)存，再寫入到設(shè)備1中
movi r b 0 40008000;emmc open 1;movi w z b 1 40008000;emmc close 1;
//從設(shè)備0讀取完整uboot到內(nèi)存，再寫入到設(shè)備1中
movi r u 0 40008000;emmc open 1;movi w z u 1 40008000;emmc close 1;
//從設(shè)備0讀取kernel到內(nèi)存，再寫入到設(shè)備1中
movi r k 0 40008000;movi w k 1 40008000;

?注意：由于SD卡存儲和EMMC存儲bl1、bl2、uboot、tzsw這幾個文件時總是相冊一個扇區(qū)，所以從EMMC中讀取bl1、bl2、uboot、tzsw這幾個文件時要使用movi read zero命令來完成。寫入bl1、bl2、uboot、tzsw這幾個文件到EMMC時要使用movi write zero命令來完成 。

審核編輯：湯梓紅