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PyTorch教程6.7之顯卡

2512967 2023-06-05 | pdf | 0.20 MB | 次下載 | 免費(fèi)

資料介紹

在表 1.5.1中，我們討論了過(guò)去二十年計(jì)算的快速增長(zhǎng)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，自 2000 年以來(lái)，GPU 性能每十年增加 1000 倍。這提供了巨大的機(jī)會(huì)，但也表明提供這種性能的巨大需求。

在本節(jié)中，我們將開(kāi)始討論如何在您的研究中利用這種計(jì)算性能。首先是使用單個(gè) GPU，然后是如何使用多個(gè) GPU 和多個(gè)服務(wù)器（具有多個(gè) GPU）。

具體來(lái)說(shuō)，我們將討論如何使用單個(gè) NVIDIA GPU 進(jìn)行計(jì)算。首先，確保您至少安裝了一個(gè) NVIDIA GPU。然后，下載NVIDIA驅(qū)動(dòng)和CUDA，根據(jù)提示設(shè)置合適的路徑。這些準(zhǔn)備工作完成后，nvidia-smi就可以通過(guò)命令查看顯卡信息了。

!nvidia-smi

						Fri Feb 10 06:11:13 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 460.106.00  Driver Version: 460.106.00  CUDA Version: 11.2   |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name    Persistence-M| Bus-Id    Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap|     Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|                |           |        MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|  0 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:17.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  35C  P0  76W / 300W |  1534MiB / 16160MiB |   53%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  1 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:18.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  34C  P0  42W / 300W |   0MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  2 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:19.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  36C  P0  80W / 300W |  3308MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  3 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1A.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  35C  P0  200W / 300W |  3396MiB / 16160MiB |   4%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  4 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1B.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  32C  P0  56W / 300W |  1126MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  5 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1C.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  40C  P0  84W / 300W |  1522MiB / 16160MiB |   47%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  6 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1D.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  34C  P0  57W / 300W |  768MiB / 16160MiB |   3%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  7 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  32C  P0  41W / 300W |   0MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                 |
| GPU  GI  CI    PID  Type  Process name         GPU Memory |
|    ID  ID                          Usage   |
|=============================================================================|
|  0  N/A N/A   18049   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   1531MiB |
|  2  N/A N/A   41102   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   3305MiB |
|  3  N/A N/A   41102   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   3393MiB |
|  4  N/A N/A   44560   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   1123MiB |
|  5  N/A N/A   18049   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   1519MiB |
|  6  N/A N/A   44560   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   771MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

					

在 PyTorch 中，每個(gè)數(shù)組都有一個(gè)設(shè)備，我們通常將其稱(chēng)為上下文。到目前為止，默認(rèn)情況下，所有變量和相關(guān)計(jì)算都已分配給 CPU。通常，其他上下文可能是各種 GPU。當(dāng)我們跨多個(gè)服務(wù)器部署作業(yè)時(shí)，事情會(huì)變得更加棘手。通過(guò)智能地將數(shù)組分配給上下文，我們可以最大限度地減少設(shè)備之間傳輸數(shù)據(jù)所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間。例如，在帶有 GPU 的服務(wù)器上訓(xùn)練神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)，我們通常更希望模型的參數(shù)存在于 GPU 上。

!nvidia-smi

						Fri Feb 10 08:10:21 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 460.106.00  Driver Version: 460.106.00  CUDA Version: 11.2   |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name    Persistence-M| Bus-Id    Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap|     Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|                |           |        MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|  0 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:17.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  36C  P0  56W / 300W |  1996MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  1 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:18.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  44C  P0  59W / 300W |  2000MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  2 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:19.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  46C  P0  59W / 300W |  1810MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  3 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1A.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  43C  P0  58W / 300W |   0MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  4 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1B.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  37C  P0  57W / 300W |  1834MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  5 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1C.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  49C  P0  60W / 300W |   0MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  6 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1D.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  44C  P0  59W / 300W |  1842MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|  7 Tesla V100-SXM2... Off | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |          0 |
| N/A  37C  P0  57W / 300W |  1806MiB / 16160MiB |   0%   Default |
|                |           |         N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                 |
| GPU  GI  CI    PID  Type  Process name         GPU Memory |
|    ID  ID                          Usage   |
|=============================================================================|
|  0  N/A N/A   67249   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   1993MiB |
|  1  N/A N/A   67249   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   1997MiB |
|  2  N/A N/A   28134   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   1807MiB |
|  4  N/A N/A   75456   C  ...l-en-release-1/bin/python   1831MiB |
|  6  N/A N/A   75456   C  ...l-en-release-
					